• 1. Whetting Your Appetite
• 2. Using the Python Interpreter
•     2.1. Invoking the Interpreter
•            2.1.1. Argument Passing
•            2.1.2. Interactive Mode
•     2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment
•            2.2.1. Source Code Encoding
• 3. An Informal Introduction to Python
•    3.1. Using Python as a Calculator
•          3.1.1. Numbers
•          3.1.2. Text
•         3.1.3. Lists
•    3.2. First Steps Towards Programming
• 4. More Control Flow Tools
•    4.1. if Statements
•    4.2. for Statements
•    4.3. The range() Function
•    4.4. break and continue Statements
•    4.5. else Clauses on Loops
•    4.6. pass Statements
•    4.7. match Statements
•    4.8. Defining Functions
•    4.9. More on Defining Functions
•         4.9.1. Default Argument Values
•          4.9.2. Keyword Arguments
  
•          4.9.3. Special parameters
  
•         4.9.3.1. Positional-or-Keyword Arguments
  
• 4.9.3.2. Positional-Only Parameters
  
• 4.9.3.3. Keyword-Only Arguments
  
• 4.9.3.4. Function Examples
  
• 4.9.3.5. Recap
  
• 4.9.4. Arbitrary Argument Lists
  4.9.5. Unpacking Argument Lists
  4.9.6. Lambda Expressions
  4.9.7. Documentation Strings
  4.9.8. Function Annotations
  4.10. Intermezzo: Coding Style
  5. Data Structures
  5.1. More on Lists
  5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks
  5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues
  5.1.3. List Comprehensions
  5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions
  5.2. The del statement
  5.3. Tuples and Sequences
  5.4. Sets
  5.5. Dictionaries
  5.6. Looping Techniques
  5.7. More on Conditions
  5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types
  6. Modules
  6.1. More on Modules
  6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts
  6.1.2. The Module Search Path
  6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files
  6.2. Standard Modules
  6.3. The dir() Function
  6.4. Packages
  6.4.1. Importing * From a Package
  6.4.2. Intra-package References
  6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories
  7. Input and Output
  7.1. Fancier Output Formatting
  7.1.1. Formatted String Literals
  7.1.2. The String format() Method
  7.1.3. Manual String Formatting
  7.1.4. Old string formatting
  7.2. Reading and Writing Files
  7.2.1. Methods of File Objects
  7.2.2. Saving structured data with json
  8. Errors and Exceptions
  8.1. Syntax Errors
  8.2. Exceptions
  8.3. Handling Exceptions
  8.4. Raising Exceptions
  8.5. Exception Chaining
  8.6. User-defined Exceptions
  8.7. Defining Clean-up Actions
  8.8. Predefined Clean-up Actions
  8.9. Raising and Handling Multiple Unrelated Exceptions
  8.10. Enriching Exceptions with Notes
  9. Classes
  9.1. A Word About Names and Objects
  9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces
  9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example
  9.3. A First Look at Classes
  9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax
  9.3.2. Class Objects
  9.3.3. Instance Objects
  9.3.4. Method Objects
  9.3.5. Class and Instance Variables
  9.4. Random Remarks
  9.5. Inheritance
  9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance
  9.6. Private Variables
  9.7. Odds and Ends
  9.8. Iterators
  9.9. Generators
  9.10. Generator Expressions
  10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
  10.1. Operating System Interface
  10.2. File Wildcards
  10.3. Command Line Arguments
  10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
  10.5. String Pattern Matching
  10.6. Mathematics
  10.7. Internet Access
  10.8. Dates and Times
  10.9. Data Compression
  10.10. Performance Measurement
  10.11. Quality Control
  10.12. Batteries Included
  11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library — Part II
  11.1. Output Formatting
  11.2. Templating
  11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
  11.4. Multi-threading
  11.5. Logging
  11.6. Weak References
  11.7. Tools for Working with Lists
  11.8. Decimal Floating-Point Arithmetic
  12. Virtual Environments and Packages
  12.1. Introduction
  12.2. Creating Virtual Environments
  12.3. Managing Packages with pip
  13. What Now?
  14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
  14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing
  14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter
  15. Floating-Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
  15.1. Representation Error
  16. Appendix
  16.1. Interactive Mode
  16.1.1. Error Handling
  16.1.2. Executable Python Scripts
  16.1.3. The Interactive Startup File
  16.1.4. The Customization Modules